横向和纵向一体化下可替代产品库存比较研究

考虑单向替代的两产品情况,比较分析了在横向一体化和纵向一体化条件下,由一个制造商和一个零售商组成的供应链企业的收益问题,并进行了数值仿真,得到了一些有益的结论。     

供应同一产品的两个销售商的库存决策研究

模型假设两个销售商销售同一产品，因此当一个销售商缺货时，它的客户可能转向另一个销售商购买同样的产品，即他们之间存在替代性。针对两个销售商的这种关系，给出了三种不同的库存决策。并对模型进行了实际算例分析，比较了两个决策者不同合作模式下的订货策略，为决策者制定有效的订货策略提供了依据。     

The Morishima gross elasticity of substitution

We show that the Hotelling–Lau elasticity of substitution, an extension of the Allen–Uzawa elasticity to allow for optimal output-quantity (or utility) responses to changes in factor prices, inherits all of the failings of the Allen–Uzawa elasticity identified by Blackorby and Russell [(1989) Am Econ Rev 79: 882–888]. An analogous extension of the Morishima elasticity of substitution to allow for output quantity changes preserves the salient properties of the original Hicksian notion of elasticity of substitution. We thank Paolo Bertoletti for drawing our attention to the issue addressed in this paper and for his comments on an earlier draft.     

论"物料代用"

本文主要对组织生产经营过程中的物料分类、物料代用原则、物料代用和禁止代用情况、代用方式、代用程序及流程以及代用效果评价和信息反馈等进行了探讨，以适应信息化物料管理系统的需要，确保物料使用的经济性、易得性及产品质量的满足。     

替代、互补及互嵌:企业与市场关系的新考察

在现实世界中,企业市场关系呈现出替代、互补及互嵌等多种特征,使得单一的“替代”说或“互补”论均缺乏足够的解释力。本文从交易费用角度将交易关系分为三种类型并指出企业和市场谁更有利于交易费用的节约,主要取决于交易品的特征以及交易本身的具体职能。企业其实是一种通过非人力资本和人力资本、人力资本和人力资本间相互交易以实现生产功能的特殊履约机制。这样就不难理解,只有部分交易可以通过企业与市场间的相互替代来提高效率,而更多的交易则须通过改善企业内部管理或改进市场制度本身来提高其效率。     

人力资本分层与劳动供给的跨期替代

通过人力资本分层的视角来研究劳动供给的跨期替代.我们发现低收入阶层劳动力由于受到信贷约束以及生活、教育、医疗等基本保障的约束,不能在实际中进行劳动供给的跨期替代,中高收入阶层具备了进行劳动供给跨期替代的条件,但由于传统文化习俗、工作合约和潜在失业威胁的存在,一般也不会轻易进行劳动供给的跨期替代.     

中国工业行业资本-劳动替代弹性估计及影响因素研究

基于超越对数生产函数的随机前沿模型估计2001—2015年中国工业行业的资本-劳动替代弹性,并对其影响因素进行分析,结果表明：劳动密集型行业的资本-劳动替代弹性普遍高于技术密集型行业,而后者又普遍高于资本密集型行业;行业开放程度、研发密度、产权属性、资本-劳动比、资产负债率、《劳动合同法》实施以及金融危机等因素都会影响资本-劳动替代弹性。     

互联网金融对商业银行信用卡业务影响的实证研究

基于上市商业银行2007~2013年信用卡业务数据,运用结构方程模型考量互联网金融对商业银行信用卡业务的影响,结果表明,互联网金融通过网络银行业务的中介作用,实现对信用卡业务的溢出效应,在一定程度上促进商业银行信用卡业务的发展,但互联网金融的替代效应却不显著。有鉴于此,商业银行应积极开拓互联网金融,加快其自身业务的发展。     

Innovation ecosystems and the pace of substitution: Re‐examining technology S‐curves

Why do some new technologies emerge and quickly supplant incumbent technologies while others take years or decades to take off? We explore this question by presenting a framework that considers both the focal competing technologies as well as the ecosystems in which they are embedded. Within our framework, each episode of technology transition is characterized by the ecosystem emergence challenge that confronts the new technology and the ecosystem extension opportunity that is available to the old technology. We identify four qualitatively distinct regimes with clear predictions for the pace of substitution. Evidence from 10 episodes of technology transitions in the semiconductor lithography equipment industry from 1972 to 2009 offers strong support for our framework. We discuss the implication of our approach for firm strategy. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Can the HOSS framework help shed light on the simultaneous growth of inequality and informalization in developing countries?

Using simple, modified versions of the factor proportions framework, and focusing on structural features within developing economies, this paper attempts to reconcile puzzling developments observed in many post-reform, post-liberalization countries whereby increasing income inequality has emerged side-by-side with informalization of the economy. Measures undertaken to enhance public sector efficiency and attract investment in an import-intensive export sector may increase rental–wage and skilled–unskilled wage gaps, contra the predictions of the simple Heckscher–Ohlin–Stolper–Samuelson (HOSS) framework regarding skill- and capital-scarce countries. The common thread generating our interesting results is the presence of sectors that are even more labor-intensive than those producing traded goods.